March is the Sonoran Desert's crescendo — in a wet year the bajadas blaze gold with Mexican poppies, the palo verdes green up, and spring migration begins. It is the most beautiful month in the low desert, mild and luminous before the heat.
Week by week in March
February 26 – March 4
- Brittlebush blankets desert hillsides yellow as the peak Sonoran wildflower bloom approaches.
- White-winged Doves pour back into the Sonoran Desert and Lucy's Warblers fill the mesquite with song.
- March is the prime warm-season window — get tomatoes, peppers, and squash in before the May heat.
- Tender spring greens, sugar snap peas, and the last sweet desert citrus fill the markets.
March 5–11
- In a wet year, the bajadas at Picacho Peak and the Peridot Mesa blaze orange with Mexican gold poppies.
- The great Painted Lady migration streams north across roads and gardens in a continuous orange river after wet winters.
- The first migrant hummingbirds reach the Madera Canyon and Huachuca feeders as spring migration opens.
- The blue and foothill palo verdes leaf out and swell toward their spectacular April bloom.
March 12–18
- Blue desert lupine and rose-purple owl's clover carpet the slopes among the gold poppies at the bloom's peak.
- Gila Woodpeckers and Gilded Flickers excavate saguaro cavities as the desert birds enter full breeding mode.
- Pipevine Swallowtails emerge in the canyon bottoms and the brilliant Gulf Fritillary swarms garden passionvine.
- Pull bolting cool-season crops and direct-sow okra, melons, and black-eyed peas in the low desert.
March 19–25
- Hedgehog, prickly pear, and cholla cacti open brilliant magenta and yellow cups across the green spring desert.
- Elf Owls return to call at dusk from saguaro cavities as the desert breeding season builds.
- Leo rides high overhead and the galaxy-rich Virgo realm climbs into prime telescope position.
- Spring greens, artichokes, fava beans, and fresh herbs mark the brief, bright desert spring.
March 26 – April 1
- Ocotillo flames scarlet at the cane tips and globe mallow lines the desert roadsides apricot.
- The Elegant Trogon returns to the sycamore canyons of Madera and Cave Creek, a great prize of American birding.
- The Two-tailed Swallowtail, Arizona's big yellow state butterfly, patrols garden flowers and canyon streams.
- Fremont cottonwoods flush brilliant new green and shed cottony seed along the desert rivers.
Birds This Month
March opens spring migration across Arizona. In the desert, returning Lucy's Warblers fill the mesquite bosques with song, Bell's Vireos arrive in the washes, and White-winged Doves — the saguaro-fruit specialists — pour back into the Sonoran Desert by the thousands. The resident cast is in full breeding mode: Cactus Wrens stuff nests into cholla, Gila Woodpeckers and Gilded Flickers excavate saguaro cavities, and Curve-billed Thrashers are already feeding young. Costa's and Anna's Hummingbirds display over blooming slopes thick with nectar.
The southeast comes alive. The first migrant hummingbirds reach Madera Canyon and the Huachucas, and along the San Pedro River and in the sycamore canyons the trickle of returning flycatchers, warblers, and tanagers builds. Wintering sandhill cranes stage their final northward departure from Whitewater Draw early in the month. Riparian corridors fill with returning Yellow-rumped and the first Lucy's and Yellow Warblers.
In the agricultural valleys, wintering raptors and sparrows thin out as their replacements arrive. Vermilion Flycatchers blaze along the rivers, Phainopepla finish nesting in the mistletoe-laden mesquites before the heat, and overhead the spring hawk movement begins.
This month's tip: bird a desert wash at dawn at Saguaro National Park or along the San Pedro River — the chorus of newly arrived Lucy's Warblers, Bell's Vireos, and singing residents amid blooming wildflowers is the sound of the Arizona spring.
What's Blooming
March is the peak of the Sonoran spring bloom, and in a wet year it is one of the great wildflower spectacles in North America. The bajadas and slopes blaze with Mexican gold poppy, washing whole hillsides orange at Picacho Peak, the Peridot Mesa on the San Carlos Apache lands, and across the low desert. Threaded among the poppies are blue desert lupine, rose-purple owl's clover, white desert chicory, and golden brittlebush by the hillside.
The desert shrubs and cacti light up too. Ocotillo tips its long canes with scarlet flame, fairyduster and globe mallow spread pink and apricot, desert marigold lines the roadsides, and the first hedgehog cacti open their brilliant magenta cups. In good years the sheer density and variety — poppies, lupine, owl's clover, and chia together — is overwhelming.
Where to look: Picacho Peak State Park between Phoenix and Tucson is the classic poppy destination; also try the Apache Trail, the Bartlett Lake bajadas, Catalina State Park, and Saguaro National Park. Timing varies year to year with the winter rains — check bloom reports, and go early before the heat fades the flowers.
Garden This Month
March is the make-or-break warm-season planting month in the low desert — the single best window of the year to get heat-loving crops established before the brutal summer arrives. Set out tomato and pepper transplants and direct-sow beans, corn, squash, melons, cucumbers, okra, black-eyed peas, and basil now, because everything must size up and begin fruiting before May, when desert heat shuts down tomato and pepper fruit set. Choose heat-tolerant, short-season varieties and plant on the early side; the desert calendar is unforgiving.
The cool-season garden is winding down — harvest the last lettuce, broccoli, and peas before they bolt in the warming days, and pull spent plants to make room. Give established citrus its spring feeding and a deep watering as new growth and bloom begin. Lengthen irrigation intervals but water deeply as the soil warms and dries, refresh mulch to hold moisture, and set up shade plans for tender summer crops. This is also the time to plant desert-adapted natives and to mulch newly planted trees before the heat sets in.
Zone 6b (Flagstaff and the high country): still cold and often snowy with the last-frost date weeks away. Keep cool-season seedlings going indoors, prune and prepare beds, and resist the urge to plant out — the high country's frost-bracketed season won't open until late May or June.
Zone 9a (Tucson's higher edges, mid-elevation desert): safely past frost now — plant tomatoes, peppers, and the full warm-season range, and direct-sow squash, beans, melons, and corn. The slightly later heat here gives a touch more time than the lowest valleys, so make the most of March and early April.
Zone 9b (Phoenix, Tucson, lower valleys): March is the prime warm-season planting month before the heat — set out tomatoes, peppers, and eggplant early, and direct-sow beans, corn, squash, melons, cucumbers, okra, and black-eyed peas now so they mature before the worst heat. Plant heat-loving herbs like basil, and give the last frost-free push to everything you want fruiting by May.
What's at the Farmers Market
March markets capture the brief, bright Arizona spring. The desert's spring greens are at their tender best — leaf lettuces, spinach, arugula, chard, and Asian greens — alongside green garlic, bunched spring onions and scallions, crisp radishes, turnips, and the first sugar snap and snow peas. The last of the desert citrus lingers — late grapefruit, Valencia oranges, and lemons — sweet and worth grabbing before it's gone.
Look also for early artichokes, fava beans, fresh herbs, and the first tender beets and carrots of spring. Choose greens with crisp, unwilted leaves and peas that are firm and bright; store leafy crops dry and cold and use them within a few days, as the warming weather shortens their shelf life.
For selection and storage: the desert's spring season is short and intense, so buy at peak and eat promptly. Keep green garlic and spring onions wrapped and refrigerated, trim radish and turnip tops, and enjoy the last citrus loose and cool. By April the heat will begin to push these tender crops out of the fields.
Night Sky This Month
March's mild, clear nights make for comfortable desert stargazing across Arizona's many dark-sky places. Flagstaff's Lowell Observatory, Kitt Peak west of Tucson, the Grand Canyon, Sedona's dark-sky community, and parks like Oracle State Park and Kartchner Caverns all offer crisp spring skies. Spring is also star-party season — Arizona's astronomy clubs host public observing nights as the nights turn mild, and the desert's stable air makes for excellent planetary and lunar viewing.
The sky is in transition. The brilliant winter constellations — Orion, Taurus, and the Winter Hexagon — sink into the west after dark, while spring's pattern climbs in the east: Leo the Lion rides high, and behind him the faint sprawl of Virgo and the galaxy-rich realm of the Coma–Virgo cluster rises into prime telescope position. The Big Dipper swings high overhead, its pointer stars aiming at Polaris.
March has no major meteor shower, but the lengthening, mild nights are ideal for hunting galaxies in Leo and Virgo through a telescope. For this year's exact planet positions and the best moonless nights, see the printable Arizona night-sky guide.
Butterflies & Pollinators
March brings Arizona's butterflies out in force, fueled by the wildflower bloom. In a wet desert spring, the great Painted Lady migration is the headline — millions of butterflies pour north out of the Sonoran lowlands, streaming across roads and gardens in a continuous orange river that can last for days. They are joined by Sleepy Orange, Southern Dogface, Cloudless Sulphur, and clouds of small Marine Blues and Western Pygmy-Blues over the blooming flats.
The swallowtails appear: Pipevine Swallowtails patrol the canyon bottoms and riparian washes, and the first Black and Western Tiger Swallowtails visit garden flowers. The desert specialties shine too — Sara Orangetip flies along washes where mustards bloom, Queens work the milkweed and desert broom, and the brilliant Gulf Fritillary is abundant wherever passionvine grows in city gardens.
To help them: the peak wildflower bloom is the year's great nectar feast — leave poppies, brittlebush, globe mallow, and desert lavender for the butterflies, and plant native milkweed and pipevine now for the queens, monarchs, and swallowtails. Hold off on garden insecticides during this explosion of butterfly activity.
What to plant for them is in the Arizona native plants guide
Trees This Month
March greens the Arizona desert. The blue palo verde and foothill palo verde leaf out and swell toward their spectacular April bloom, velvet mesquite pushes fresh green and hangs out its pale catkins, and the ocotillo — leafed out from winter rain — tips its canes with scarlet flowers. Along the desert rivers, the Fremont cottonwoods and Goodding's willows flush brilliant new green and shed cottony seed, and Arizona ash and desert willow leaf out. The giant saguaros begin to draw up moisture for their May crown of bloom.
In the high country, the thaw is only beginning. The ponderosa pines of the Mogollon Rim shed snow as the sun strengthens, but the quaking aspens and Gambel oaks above Flagstaff remain bare and dormant, weeks from leaf-out. In the mid-elevation canyons and the Verde Valley, the Arizona sycamores and bigtooth maples begin to break bud. The contrast is stark: while the desert blazes into spring, the San Francisco Peaks still wear winter white.
Weather & Daylight
Across Arizona, a typical March day averages a high near 66°F and a low near 38°F, with about 1.0 inches of precipitation — statewide averages from the 1991–2020 U.S. climate normals.
Spring nudges in as afternoons warm into the mid-60s, though nights still call for a jacket in the upper 30s.
| Average high | 66°F |
|---|---|
| Average low | 38°F |
| Precipitation | 1.0 in |
| Sunrise (mid-month) | 6:38 MT |
| Sunset (mid-month) | 18:34 MT |
Figures are statewide averages over the 1991–2020 U.S. climate normals; local conditions vary with elevation and distance from the coast. Sunrise and sunset are computed for a midstate point on the 15th (MT).
Next month's version of this page, by email
One short note when Arizona's next month turns — what's arriving, blooming, and worth a night outside.
Go deeper with the Arizona guides
The complete Arizona birding, native-plant, and night-sky references — or the whole year, week by week, in one book.
Same month elsewhere: March in Arkansas · March in California · March in Colorado