March is the great turning of the Minnesota year — the maple sap runs, the snow finally begins to retreat in the south, and the first migrants return even as the north stays locked in winter. It's a month of mud, melt, and the first red-winged blackbird calling from a thawing marsh.
Week by week in March
February 26 – March 4
- The first red-winged blackbirds may return to southern cattail marshes, the classic harbinger of a Minnesota spring still weeks from arriving.
- Maple sugaring begins — the season's first fresh product, as warm days and freezing nights send the sap running in the sugar maples.
- Leo the Lion rises in the east, marked by the backward-question-mark 'Sickle' and the bright star Regulus, as the spring sky takes hold.
March 5–11
- Red-winged blackbirds sing 'conk-la-ree' from the reeds as common grackles and the first American robins push north into the thawing landscape.
- Fresh maple syrup reaches winter markets and farm stands; the lighter, early-season syrup is prized for its delicate flavor.
- Start tomatoes, peppers, and brassicas indoors under lights, backing up the timing from a late-May last-frost date for most of the state.
March 12–18
- Sandhill cranes return to the staging marshes at Sherburne and Carlos Avery, their bugling carrying for miles, and the first tundra swans move through.
- Pussy willows push out their soft gray catkins along streams, and skunk cabbage melts up through the snow in southeastern seeps.
- Equinox season brings more aurora activity — the still-dark, snow-bright north country is ideal for catching the northern lights.
March 19–25
- Canada geese, trumpeter swans, and the first ducks crowd every patch of open water as the lakes begin to soften in the south.
- The spring equinox arrives around March 20, finally balancing day and night as the Big Dipper swings high overhead.
- Resist working the wet, thawing soil, which compacts for the whole season; as snow recedes in the south, begin only the gentlest cleanup.
March 26 – April 1
- The first turkey vultures drift back, ruffed grouse drum in the woods, and migration accelerates as winter loosens its grip.
- On the first warm, sunny afternoon, the overwintered mourning cloak emerges to fly over patches of melting snow — the first butterfly of the year.
- In the warm southeast, direct-sow the earliest cold-hardy crops — peas, spinach, and radishes — if the soil has thawed and drained enough to work.
Birds This Month
March is when migration begins in earnest. The classic first sign of Minnesota spring is the red-winged blackbird — males return to the cattail marshes mid-month and sing their 'conk-la-ree' from the reeds, soon joined by common grackles and the first American robins moving north. Canada geese, trumpeter swans, and the earliest ducks crowd into every patch of open water as the lakes start to soften, and sandhill cranes return to the staging marshes, their bugling carrying for miles over the Sherburne refuge and the Carlos Avery wetlands.
Watch the river systems for migrating tundra swans and rafts of common mergansers, goldeneye, and pintail. Bald eagles are at their nests and very active, and the first turkey vultures drift back at month's end. In the north, winter still rules — the great gray owls and boreal species linger around Sax-Zim — but even there the chickadees are singing and the days are lengthening fast.
What's Blooming
True wildflowers are still mostly absent in March, but the very first signs appear in the warmest, earliest corners of southern Minnesota. In sheltered hardwood draws of the southeast, skunk cabbage can push through the snow and melt a ring around itself with its own heat-generating bloom — the earliest 'flower' of the Minnesota year, found in wet seeps and swampy woods. Silver maple and hazelnut flowers open on bare branches, and pussy willows push out their soft gray catkins along streams and wetland edges, a beloved first sign of spring.
In gardens, snow-melt may reveal the first green noses of snowdrops and early crocus in the metro and southeast by late month. The true forest ephemerals — bloodroot, hepatica, marsh marigold — are still weeks away, waiting for the frost to leave the ground.
Garden This Month
March is the busiest indoor seed-starting month. Under grow lights, start tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, and brassicas (broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower) on a schedule that backs up from your last-frost date — roughly late May for most of Minnesota. Keep seedlings bright and cool, pot up as they grow, and begin hardening off only when the weather settles.
Outdoors, patience is the rule: the soil is frozen or saturated across most of the state, and working or even walking on wet ground compacts it for the whole season. As the snow recedes in the south, you can begin gentle cleanup — but leave perennial stems and leaf litter a while longer to protect overwintering pollinators. Finish any dormant pruning of fruit trees and shrubs before the buds break, and if you tap maples, this is the heart of the syrup run.
Zone 4a: start the bulk of your indoor seedlings now — peppers and eggplant early in the month, tomatoes mid-to-late, and brassicas for an early-May setout. Don't rush outdoor work; the soil is still frozen or sodden, and walking on it now causes lasting compaction.
Zone 4b (most of the state): start tomatoes, peppers, and brassicas indoors under lights. You may sow the very earliest cold-hardy crops — peas, spinach, radishes — outdoors at the very end of the month in the southern reaches if the soil has thawed and drained.
Zone 5a (Twin Cities metro & southeast): the warmest zone gets a head start — start tomatoes and peppers indoors, and by late March direct-sow peas, spinach, lettuce, and radishes outdoors once the soil is workable. Prune raspberries and uncover strawberries as the snow recedes.
What's at the Farmers Market
March belongs to maple. The maple sugaring season is the year's first fresh agricultural product, as warm days and freezing nights send the sap running in the sugar maples of the Big Woods and the hardwood country statewide. Fresh maple syrup, and sometimes maple sugar and maple cream, start reaching indoor winter markets and farm stands — the lighter, early-season syrup is prized for its delicate flavor. Many nature centers and parks run sugarbush demonstrations this month.
Beyond maple, the markets are still running on storage crops — onions, carrots, potatoes, beets, cabbage, and winter squash from the cellar, plus Minnesota apples, honey, eggs, and the first early greens from heated greenhouses. Choose syrup by color and grade to taste; the amber and dark grades carry more maple flavor, while the golden early-run syrup is lightest. Stored airtight, syrup keeps for a year or more.
Night Sky This Month
March brings the spring equinox around March 20, when day and night reach near-balance and the long nights of winter finally give way. The sky is in transition: the brilliant winter constellations — Orion, Taurus, and Gemini — still dominate the early-evening west, while the stars of spring climb in the east. Look for Leo the Lion, marked by the backward-question-mark 'Sickle' and the bright star Regulus, rising in the east, and the Big Dipper swinging high overhead, its pointer stars guiding you to the North Star.
March is one of the better months for the aurora borealis in Minnesota — equinox periods tend to bring more geomagnetic activity, and the still-dark, snow-bright north country around the Boundary Waters and the Arrowhead is ideal for catching a display. The printable Minnesota night-sky guide covers this year's planet visibility and aurora forecasts for your part of the state.
Butterflies & Pollinators
March brings the first butterflies of the Minnesota year, though it's a near thing and only on the warmest days. When a sunny afternoon pushes temperatures into the 50s or 60s in the south, the overwintering adults emerge — the mourning cloak is almost always first, a dark, cream-edged butterfly flying over patches of melting snow, sometimes weeks before anything is blooming. Close behind come the eastern comma and question mark, also adults that wintered behind bark and in woodpiles, basking on south-facing tree trunks to warm their flight muscles in the weak spring sun.
These early fliers don't need flowers yet — they feed on tree sap, especially the dripping wounds of maples and birches, and on the first willow catkins. Most of Minnesota's butterflies are still dormant, and the monarchs haven't even begun their long journey north from Mexico. But the first mourning cloak over the snow is a genuine, hopeful marker that the long winter is breaking.
What to plant for them is in the Minnesota native plants guide
Trees This Month
March is the maple's month. The sugar maple drives the season's signature event — sap rising on the freeze-thaw cycle of cold nights and above-freezing days, tapped across the Big Woods and the hardwood country for syrup. Silver maples and box elders are among the first trees to flower, their tiny red and yellow-green blooms opening on bare branches, and American hazelnut dangles its catkins along woodland edges.
On the willows and quaking aspen, buds swell visibly and the first fuzzy catkins (pussy willows) emerge — a classic Minnesota sign of spring. The conifers hold their green, and in the bogs the tamaracks are still bare, weeks from their soft new needles. By month's end, in the warmest southern corners, the earliest elm and silver maple buds are breaking, but full leaf-out across the state is still well into April and May.
The Minnesota native plants guide covers what grows with them
Weather & Daylight
Across Minnesota, a typical March day averages a high near 38°F and a low near 18°F, with about 1.3 inches of precipitation — statewide averages from the 1991–2020 U.S. climate normals.
Raw and unsettled, thawing mud underfoot as afternoons soften into the 30s but mornings still bite hard.
| Average high | 38°F |
|---|---|
| Average low | 18°F |
| Precipitation | 1.3 in |
| Sunrise (mid-month) | 7:31 CT |
| Sunset (mid-month) | 19:22 CT |
Figures are statewide averages over the 1991–2020 U.S. climate normals; local conditions vary with elevation and distance from the coast. Sunrise and sunset are computed for a midstate point on the 15th (CT).
Next month's version of this page, by email
One short note when Minnesota's next month turns — what's arriving, blooming, and worth a night outside.
Go deeper with the Minnesota guides
The complete Minnesota birding, native-plant, and night-sky references — or the whole year, week by week, in one book.
Same month elsewhere: March in Mississippi · March in Missouri · March in Montana