March is sugaring season in Vermont — the month the whole state smells of woodsmoke and boiling sap. Winter still grips the high country, but the valleys thaw, the first migrants return, and the long-awaited maple run defines the month above all else.
Week by week in March
February 26 – March 4
- The first red-winged blackbirds and common grackles return to the warmest southern valleys, the blackbirds claiming the marshes with their 'conk-la-ree.'
- Sap flows in earnest now as the freeze-thaw cycle hits its stride, and evaporators begin steaming in sugarhouses across the state.
- The first fresh, light-colored early-season maple syrup appears at winter markets and farm stands as the boil gets underway.
March 5–11
- American robins reappear in the valleys and song sparrows start singing as the spring blackbird flocks build on the thawing fields.
- Sugaring is at full tilt — the classic Vermont scene of buckets and tubing in the snowy sugarbush and woodsmoke over the sugarhouse.
- Leo the Lion with bright Regulus climbs the eastern sky as the winter constellations begin sliding into the west after dusk.
March 12–18
- Listen at dusk in wet thickets for the 'peent' and twittering sky-dance of the American woodcock — one of the great signs of the Vermont spring.
- Skunk cabbage pushes its mottled hoods up through wet ground in the warmest valley woods, even melting the snow around itself with its own heat.
- Vermont Maple Open House Weekend invites visitors to watch the boil as the syrup season peaks across the state.
March 19–25
- The spring equinox around the 20th balances day and night as Vermont's evenings lengthen quickly toward the warm season.
- Waterfowl crowd the opening water — wood ducks, mergansers, and ring-necked ducks stage on Lake Champlain and the rivers as the ice retreats.
- Sow broccoli, cabbage, and the first tomatoes and peppers indoors under lights on the schedule that counts back from the late-May frost date.
March 26 – April 1
- Red maples flush the wetlands crimson with their tiny flowers — among the first trees to bloom — as the sugar maples' buds begin to swell.
- Turkey vultures drift back over the ridges and killdeer return to gravel lots and farmyards, calling their name overhead.
- Clean out nest boxes before the eastern bluebirds and tree swallows return to claim them for the season.
Birds This Month
March is the turn toward spring migration. The first big arrivals are the blackbirds: red-winged blackbirds claim the marshes with their conk-la-ree, and common grackles and European starlings flock the thawing fields. American robins reappear in the valleys, song sparrows start singing, and turkey vultures drift back over the ridges. Waterfowl crowd the opening water — Canada geese, wood ducks, common and hooded mergansers, and ring-necked ducks stage on Lake Champlain and the rivers as the ice retreats.
The mudflats and flooded fields of the Champlain Valley and Dead Creek WMA begin to draw early waterfowl, and killdeer return to gravel and farmyards. Listen at dusk in the wet woods for the peent and twittering sky-dance of the American woodcock, one of the great signs of the Vermont spring. Bald eagles are now on territory, and great horned owlets are hatching.
This month's tip: clean out nest boxes before the eastern bluebirds and tree swallows return, and keep feeders up — late snowstorms can leave early migrants suddenly hungry.
What's Blooming
March wildflowers are still mostly a promise in Vermont, but the first signs break through. In the warmest valley woods and along south-facing seeps late in the month, skunk cabbage pushes its mottled hoods up through wet ground and even melts the snow around itself with its own heat — the earliest native bloom of the Vermont year. Pussy willows open their silver-gray catkins along streams and ditches, and the swelling red flower buds of red maple and the catkins of aspen and alder color the bare treetops. In the garden, snowdrops and the first crocus may pierce the thawing soil in sheltered Champlain Valley beds by month's end. Most of the forest floor is still brown and snow-patched, but the strengthening sun is unmistakably winning, and sap buckets hang in every sugarbush.
Garden This Month
March is the seed-starting heart of the indoor season across Vermont. With grow lights humming, sow broccoli, cabbage, cauliflower, lettuce, and the first tomatoes, peppers, and eggplant on the schedule that counts back from the late-May frost date. Keep the earlier-started onions, leeks, and celery growing strong.
Outdoors, the ground is still frozen or sodden in most of the state — resist the urge to work wet soil, which compacts and ruins its structure for the season. Finish dormant pruning of fruit trees and grapes on a thaw, cut back ornamental grasses and last year's perennial stems before new growth starts, and begin pulling back winter mulch in the warmest valleys late in the month as the snow retreats. And of course, this is sugaring — if you have maples, the buckets and evaporators are running. Patience pays: a hard freeze and snow can still return well into the month.
Zone 3b (Northeast Kingdom & high country): still deep winter — the snow lingers and the ground stays frozen. Start onions, leeks, and slow seedlings indoors under lights, and tap maples if you have them, but hold all outdoor planting for many weeks yet.
Zone 4b (central Vermont & valleys): snow is receding and the indoor-sowing schedule ramps up — start broccoli, cabbage, and early flowers under lights. On a thaw, prune apples and grapes and begin removing winter mulch from beds late in the month.
Zone 5a (lower Champlain Valley): the warmest zone thaws first — start brassicas and tomatoes indoors, and in the last week direct-sow the hardiest crops (peas, spinach, radishes) if a bed has dried enough to work without compacting.
What's at the Farmers Market
March markets are all about maple. Vermont is the nation's leading syrup producer, and the fresh run begins now — sugarhouses open for the season, and Vermont Maple Open House Weekend invites visitors to watch the boil. The first jugs of bright, light early-season syrup appear at winter markets and farm stands alongside maple cream, sugar, and candy.
The rest of the market is still the winter pantry: storage potatoes, carrots, onions, beets, parsnips, and winter squash, cold-storage apples, and the first cold-frame and greenhouse greens — spinach, microgreens, and overwintered chard — adding fresh color. Cheese, eggs, honey, and grass-fed meats round it out. For syrup, the lightest grades have the most delicate maple flavor and the darkest the strongest; all of it keeps best sealed and refrigerated once opened, or frozen for the long term.
Night Sky This Month
March brings the spring equinox around the 20th, balancing day and night as Vermont's evenings lengthen quickly. The winter constellations begin sliding into the west after dusk — Orion and the Winter Hexagon still shine early — while the stars of spring rise in the east: Leo the Lion with bright Regulus climbs the eastern sky, and the Big Dipper swings high overhead, its handle arcing toward Arcturus later in the night.
There's no major meteor shower this month. The transitional sky is a fine time to trace the change of seasons overhead and, on dark, clear nights, to scan the northern horizon for the aurora borealis, which Vermont's latitude catches during geomagnetic storms. The high ridges and the Northeast Kingdom offer the darkest viewing.
Exact planet positions shift through the year — the printable Vermont night-sky guide lists this season's specifics, including where to look for the bright evening and morning planets.
Butterflies & Pollinators
March is the threshold of the Vermont butterfly year. For most of the month it's still too cold and snowy for anything to fly, but on the first genuinely warm, sunny afternoons late in March — especially in the milder Champlain Valley — the overwintered adults can stir. Mourning cloaks are the classic first butterfly, dark with cream-edged wings, emerging from behind bark to bask on sun-warmed logs and bare ground, sometimes with snow still nearby. The closely related eastern comma and question mark may join them. These hardy adults nectar on running maple sap and tree wounds before any flowers open. Monarchs are still far south, only just beginning their multi-generation journey north. Most species are still eggs, caterpillars, or chrysalises waiting for warmth. If you spot a butterfly in a Vermont March, it almost certainly spent the whole winter as an adult right here.
What to plant for them is in the Vermont native plants guide
Trees This Month
March belongs to the sugar maple. The alternating freezing nights and thawing days drive the sap that makes Vermont the country's top syrup producer, and the sugarbushes run with buckets and tubing while evaporators steam in the sugarhouses. As the month ends, the maples' buds swell and redden, and the swamp-edge red maples flush the wetlands crimson with their tiny flowers — among the first trees to bloom.
Aspens, willows, and alders hang out their catkins, and American elm blooms inconspicuously high in the crown. The conifers — balsam fir, red spruce, white pine — hold their green as the snow recedes from their bases. The bare hardwood canopy is still gray, but the buds are fattening on every branch, and the year's growth is days, not weeks, away in the warmest valleys.
Weather & Daylight
Across Vermont, a typical March day averages a high near 39°F and a low near 18°F, with about 3.1 inches of precipitation — statewide averages from the 1991–2020 U.S. climate normals.
A raw, unsettled thaw month, swinging from near-freezing mornings in the teens to milder afternoons pushing toward 39F.
| Average high | 39°F |
|---|---|
| Average low | 18°F |
| Precipitation | 3.1 in |
| Sunrise (mid-month) | 7:04 ET |
| Sunset (mid-month) | 18:56 ET |
Figures are statewide averages over the 1991–2020 U.S. climate normals; local conditions vary with elevation and distance from the coast. Sunrise and sunset are computed for a midstate point on the 15th (ET).
Next month's version of this page, by email
One short note when Vermont's next month turns — what's arriving, blooming, and worth a night outside.
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The complete Vermont birding, native-plant, and night-sky references — or the whole year, week by week, in one book.
Same month elsewhere: March in Virginia · March in Washington · March in West Virginia