December is winter settling over Virginia — the Chesapeake and Eastern Shore brim with waterfowl, Christmas Bird Counts gather observers across the state, and the long, cold, dry nights deliver the brilliant winter sky and the Geminid meteors. The mild Tidewater garden still holds its greens.
Week by week in December
December 3–9
- Christmas Bird Count season opens as observers fan out from the coast to the mountains tallying wintering birds.
- Peak Chesapeake oyster season — the cold winter water at its briny best — beside storage apples and frost-sweet greens.
- Bare sycamores glow white along the James as the bald cypress finishes dropping its rusty needles in the swamps.
December 10–16
- The Geminid meteor shower peaks around December 14 — the year's richest display, throwing bright meteors from a dark Blue Ridge sky.
- Snow geese and tundra swans blanket Chincoteague and Back Bay as scoters raft off the coast and eagles gather on the rivers.
- In the mild Tidewater, cold frames keep collards, kale, and leeks cropping; elsewhere, plan next year and order seeds early.
December 17–23
- The winter solstice falls around the 21st — the longest night — as the Winter Hexagon assembles around dazzling Sirius.
- Feeders draw the hardy resident flock — cardinals, Carolina chickadees, titmice, and nuthatches — through the short, cold days.
- The evergreens define the winter scene — loblolly pine, holly bright with berries, and the high-peak Fraser fir of the Blue Ridge.
December 24–31
- Winter birding holds steady — bald eagles and diving ducks on the open Bay while northern harriers hunt the Eastern Shore fields.
- Orion and the Winter Hexagon blaze through the long, frigid nights, closing the year under the clearest skies of the season.
- Zebra swallowtails hang as chrysalises among the bare pawpaw thickets, waiting out the cold for spring.
- The bare oaks, white sycamores, and dark bald cypress stand against the gray as the woods settle into their winter rest.
Birds This Month
December is prime winter birding in Virginia, anchored by the Christmas Bird Count season, when observers fan out across the state from the coast to the mountains. The waterfowl spectacle peaks: snow geese and tundra swans blanket Chincoteague and Back Bay, with northern pintail, black duck, gadwall, wigeon, canvasback, redhead, scaup, bufflehead, and long-tailed ducks on the Bay, and rafts of scoters off the coast. Bald eagles gather thickly along the James and Rappahannock.
Open farm country on the Eastern Shore and in the Piedmont holds northern harriers, wintering red-tailed and rough-legged hawks, and the chance of a short-eared owl at dusk. Brushy fields and feeders fill with white-throated and fox sparrows, dark-eyed juncos, eastern towhees, and the resident cardinals, Carolina chickadees, titmice, nuthatches, and Carolina wrens. Cedar waxwings roam to the berry crops, and in irruption years purple finches and pine siskins work the Blue Ridge conifers.
What's Blooming
December offers no wild blooms across most of Virginia, but the winter landscape keeps its structure and color. In the meadows and roadside ditches the standing skeletons of last season catch frost and low sun — the splitting silk-trailing pods of milkweed, the dark seed-cones of coneflower and black-eyed Susan feeding the goldfinches, and the russet plumes of broomsedge and little bluestem glowing across the old fields.
The woods hold evergreen ground plants beneath the fallen leaves — leathery Christmas fern, the paired red berries of partridgeberry, and the trailing running cedar (ground-pine) carpeting the Piedmont floor. Bright berries light the bare thickets and feed the birds: scarlet American holly and winterberry, purple beautyberry, red dogwood, and the frosted blue cones of eastern red cedar. In the mildest Tidewater gardens, winter jasmine and the first witch hazel and hellebores may open during a December thaw.
Garden This Month
December is mostly a resting and planning month for the Virginia garden, though the mild Tidewater still crops under cover. Across the Piedmont and mountains the ground freezes and thaws, so the outdoor work is protective: renew mulch heaved up by frost over strawberries and perennials, check that burlap and mulch still shield young figs, roses, and tender shrubs, and brush heavy, wet snow off boxwood, holly, and evergreens to prevent breakage. Watch for deer and rabbit browsing on bark during lean weeks.
In the warm Tidewater, cold frames and row covers keep collards, kale, spinach, leeks, and overwintered greens cropping all month — a real advantage of Virginia's long coastal season. On any mild day, dormant shade trees and grapes can be pruned. Otherwise this is the season for the kitchen table: review the past year, sketch next year's rotation, order seeds early before the popular varieties sell out, and toward month's end set up a grow-light shelf for the slowest spring seedlings — onions, leeks, and celery.
Zone 6b (Blue Ridge foothills & valleys): the garden is locked down for winter. Let snow blanket the perennial beds as insulation, knock heavy wet snow off boxwood and evergreens, and turn to seed catalogs and next year's planning.
Zone 7a (Piedmont & Shenandoah Valley): the ground freezes and thaws. Check that mulch and burlap still protect tender plants, prune dormant shade trees on mild days, harvest any frost-hardy greens left under cover, and plan the coming season.
Zone 8a (Tidewater & lower coast): Virginia's mildest zone keeps producing. Cold frames and row covers carry collards, kale, spinach, and leeks right through; harvest as needed, and protect against the sharpest Arctic snaps off the Bay.
What's at the Farmers Market
December markets in Virginia lean on storage crops, protected greens, and holiday staples. Shenandoah Valley apples, sweet potatoes, potatoes, onions, garlic, winter squash, pumpkins, cabbage, and root vegetables hold from cold storage and the root cellar, while high tunnels and the mild Tidewater keep kale, collards, spinach, lettuce, leeks, and microgreens in fresh supply — all sweeter for the cold.
This is peak oyster season on the Chesapeake, the cold winter water at its briny best, and the holiday stalls add country ham, cured Virginia peanuts, honey, farmstead cheeses, cider, holiday greenery, and Christmas trees. Choose storage apples and sweet potatoes that feel heavy and firm, pick winter squash with hard, unblemished rinds, and keep root crops cold and humid to hold them through winter. Buy oysters tightly closed and kept cold on ice, and use them the day you bring them home.
Night Sky This Month
December brings the winter solstice around the 21st — the longest night of the year — and with it the return of the brilliant winter sky. Orion climbs the eastern evening sky, the Pleiades and the V of the Hyades in Taurus ride high, and as the night deepens the great Winter Hexagon assembles around dazzling Sirius, the sky's brightest star, with the misty Orion Nebula glowing in the Hunter's sword.
The Geminid meteor shower, the year's richest and most reliable display, peaks around December 14, throwing dozens of bright, often-colorful meteors an hour from a dark sky — best from a Blue Ridge overlook or the open Eastern Shore, away from the Hampton Roads and Northern Virginia glow. The long, cold, dry nights give the clearest, steadiest skies of the year for the winter clusters and nebulae. The printable Virginia night-sky guide lists this year's exact meteor-peak dates and planet positions for your region.
Butterflies & Pollinators
December halts Virginia's butterfly flight, but the insects are all around, hidden and dormant through the cold. The overwintering adults — mourning cloaks, eastern commas, and question marks — are tucked behind loose bark, in woodpiles, and under leaf litter, in a state of suspended animation; a freak December warm spell in the mild Tidewater can briefly rouse a mourning cloak to glide along a sunlit woodland edge before it retreats.
The rest of the fauna waits in earlier stages. Monarchs long since funneled down the Eastern Shore and crossed to the Mexican overwintering forests, leaving none behind. The zebra swallowtail hangs as a chrysalis among the bare pawpaw thickets along the rivers, the eastern tiger and spicebush swallowtails likewise on twigs, and the common buckeye — unable to survive the frost — will recolonize from the south next year. Leaving leaf litter, brush piles, and standing stems undisturbed through winter is the single best thing a Virginia gardener can do to protect next summer's butterflies.
What to plant for them is in the Virginia native plants guide
Trees This Month
December reveals the bare architecture of Virginia's forest, the hardwoods stripped to bark and form against the gray sky and any snow. This is the month to read trees by their structure: the pale smooth gray of American beech still clutching its bleached marcescent leaves, the deeply ridged white and chestnut oaks, the shaggy strips of shagbark hickory, and the flaking camouflage trunks of sycamore glowing white along the James and the Tidewater rivers.
The evergreens carry the only green and define the winter scene: loblolly and Virginia pine on the coastal plain, eastern red cedar dotting the Piedmont fields and frosted with blue cones, American holly bright with red berries in the understory, the high-peak red spruce and Fraser fir of the Blue Ridge dusted with snow, and the bare russet colonnades of bald cypress standing in the Great Dismal Swamp. Buds are set and waiting — the flat button buds of the flowering dogwood, the state tree, already promising spring.
The Virginia native plants guide covers what grows with them
Weather & Daylight
Across Virginia, a typical December day averages a high near 49°F and a low near 29°F, with about 3.6 inches of precipitation — statewide averages from the 1991–2020 U.S. climate normals.
Winter settles in with raw 49-degree days and 29-degree nights, damp rain often turning sharp and biting.
| Average high | 49°F |
|---|---|
| Average low | 29°F |
| Precipitation | 3.6 in |
| Sunrise (mid-month) | 7:21 ET |
| Sunset (mid-month) | 16:56 ET |
Figures are statewide averages over the 1991–2020 U.S. climate normals; local conditions vary with elevation and distance from the coast. Sunrise and sunset are computed for a midstate point on the 15th (ET).
Next month's version of this page, by email
One short note when Virginia's next month turns — what's arriving, blooming, and worth a night outside.
Go deeper with the Virginia guides
The complete Virginia birding, native-plant, and night-sky references — or the whole year, week by week, in one book.
Same month elsewhere: December in Washington · December in West Virginia · December in Wisconsin