March is the great thaw in Wisconsin — the month sap runs in the sugarbush, the marshes break open, and the first Sandhill Cranes and Trumpeter Swans return to ice-rimmed water. Winter still bites, but the geese are moving and the year's first migration is on.
Week by week in March
February 26 – March 4
- The first sandhill cranes and Canada geese push north onto the first patches of open water — the leading edge of spring migration.
- Sap runs hard in the sugar maples on every freeze-thaw day, the foundation of Wisconsin's maple syrup tradition.
- Start the warm-season seeds — tomatoes, peppers, and brassicas — indoors under lights, joining the onions begun earlier.
March 5–11
- Red-winged blackbirds reclaim the cattails with their 'conk-la-ree,' and American robins reappear on bare lawns across the south.
- Skunk cabbage melts its way up through the frozen muck of swamps and springs, generating its own heat to bloom in late winter.
- The winter constellations sink earlier in the west each night as Leo and the spring stars take over the evening sky.
March 12–18
- Sandhill cranes pour into Horicon Marsh and the central marshes, their wild rolling bugles a sure sign that spring migration is on.
- On warm Driftless bluffs, sharp-lobed hepatica opens lavender, pink, and white among the leaf litter — often the first wildflower of the year.
- Fresh maple syrup, cream, and sugar fill the markets and roadside stands as the sap flows on freeze-thaw days.
March 19–25
- At dusk, listen over wet thickets for the first 'peent' and sky-dance of the American woodcock displaying in the spring twilight.
- The spring equinox arrives, bringing near-equal day and night as the long dark hours of winter finally give way.
- In wet woods and along thawing streams, the gold cups of marsh marigold begin to glow in the cold running water.
March 26 – April 1
- Rafts of migrating waterfowl crowd the open rivers and flooded fields — goldeneye, mergansers, pintail, and dabbling ducks staging north.
- Silver and red maples are the first to flower, hanging the bare branches with tiny crimson and yellow blooms.
- On a warm afternoon, the first mourning cloak of the year may flap over a still-snowy clearing, sipping flowing maple sap.
Birds This Month
March is when spring migration begins in earnest. The first sandhill cranes drop into the thawing marshes — Horicon Marsh and the central Wisconsin wetlands fill with their wild rolling bugles — and Canada geese, tundra swans, and the reintroduced trumpeter swans push north on the first open water. Red-winged blackbirds reclaim the cattails with their conk-la-ree, and American robins, the state bird, reappear on bare lawns and roadsides across the south.
Waterfowl crowd every patch of open water: common goldeneye, common and hooded mergansers, northern pintail, and rafts of dabbling ducks stage on the rivers and flooded fields. Listen at dusk for the first peent of the American woodcock displaying over wet thickets, and watch for early turkey vultures and sandhill flocks riding the warming thermals.
This month's tip: visit Horicon or the Wisconsin River bottoms at dawn — March migration peaks early in the day, and the cranes and geese are loudest and most numerous before the wind picks up.
What's Blooming
Wisconsin's first wildflowers appear in March in the warmest, most protected spots. In the rich woods and on the south-facing bluffs of the Driftless Area, sharp-lobed hepatica opens its lavender, pink, and white flowers among the leaf litter, often the very first bloom of the year. In wet woods, seeps, and along thawing streams, the gold cups of marsh marigold begin to glow in cold running water, and skunk cabbage melts its way up through the frozen muck of swamps and springs, generating its own heat. Tree flowers count too: silver maple and the catkins of aspen, willow, and hazelnut color the bare branches and feed the first emerging insects. In gardens, snowdrops and early crocus push through the last snow in the southern counties.
Garden This Month
March is the threshold month for Wisconsin gardeners. Indoors, start the warm-season crops under lights — tomatoes, peppers, eggplant, and brassicas — joining the onions and leeks begun earlier. Outdoors, the work is preparation: cut back last year's perennial stems and ornamental grasses (waiting until temperatures are reliably above freezing so overwintering insects can emerge), uncover beds gradually as the frost retreats, and finish dormant pruning before the buds break.
In the southern counties, the very first direct-sowing can happen late in the month — peas, spinach, radishes, and lettuce go into any soil that can be worked. This is also maple syrup season across the state: where you have the trees, the sap runs hard on days that thaw above freezing after a hard night. Don't rush to remove winter mulch in the north, where a late hard freeze is still very much in play.
Zone 4b (central Wisconsin): still mostly frozen, but start tomatoes, peppers, and brassicas indoors under lights now, and tap maples for syrup on freeze-thaw days. Hold off on uncovering perennials until the deep frost is gone.
Zone 5a (Madison & south-central): sow peas, spinach, and radishes outdoors as soon as the soil can be worked late in the month, start warm-season seeds indoors, and prune fruit trees before bud break.
Zone 5b (Milwaukee & lakeshore): the lake-warmed southeast is first to thaw — direct-sow cold-hardy greens and peas, plant onion sets, and uncover beds gradually as the frost retreats.
What's at the Farmers Market
March markets are a hinge between winter storage and the first fresh harvest of the new year. The defining product is maple syrup: the southern and central sugarbushes are running, and fresh syrup, maple cream, and maple sugar appear at markets and roadside stands as the sap flows on freeze-thaw days. It's the most genuinely seasonal moment of the early Wisconsin year.
Storage crops are winding down but still available — onions, garlic, potatoes, carrots, parsnips, and winter squash — alongside cold-storage apples, greenhouse greens and microgreens, and the ever-present cheeses and eggs. Choose maple syrup by grade for the color and depth you prefer, and keep an opened jug refrigerated to prevent it from molding. Storage roots are best used up now before they soften with the lengthening days.
Night Sky This Month
March brings the spring equinox and a sky in transition. The brilliant winter constellations — Orion, Taurus, and Gemini — still dominate the early evening in the west, but they sink earlier each night as the spring stars take over. Leo the Lion stands high in the south with the bright star Regulus at the base of its backward question-mark sickle, and the Big Dipper rides high in the northeast, its pointer stars leading to Polaris.
Around the equinox, day and night reach near-equal length, and the long dark hours of winter finally give way. The faint, hazy Beehive Cluster in Cancer floats between Gemini and Leo, lovely in binoculars. On clear, cold nights in the northwoods, geomagnetic activity can still light the northern horizon with aurora.
For exact planet positions and the best dark-sky windows this month, see the printable Wisconsin night-sky guide, which is tailored to your region of the state.
Butterflies & Pollinators
March brings Wisconsin's first butterflies of the year, though only on the warmest days. Mourning cloaks — dark wings edged in cream that overwintered as adults — are usually the first to appear, flapping over still-snowy clearings and woodland edges on afternoons that climb into the 50s, sometimes alongside the orange-and-brown eastern comma and question mark, which also hibernate as adults. These early fliers don't need flowers; they sip tree sap, especially at the cuts and broken branches where maple sap is flowing, and bask on dark bark and bare ground to soak up warmth. Don't expect numbers — a single mourning cloak crossing a sunlit trail in the Kettle Moraine or a Driftless valley is the typical March sighting. The migratory species and the great wave of summer butterflies are still weeks away, waiting for reliable warmth and the first nectar flowers.
What to plant for them is in the Wisconsin native plants guide
Trees This Month
March is sap month in Wisconsin's woods. The sugar maples that define the northern and Driftless hardwood forests run sap on every freeze-thaw day, the foundation of the state's syrup tradition, and their swelling buds redden the canopy by month's end. Silver maples and red maples are the first to flower, hanging the bare branches with tiny crimson and yellow blooms, while the catkins of aspen, birch, willow, and hazelnut lengthen and shed early pollen.
The conifers — white pine, red pine, balsam fir, and spruce — still hold the only deep green as the snow recedes from their bases first. In the bogs, the bare tamaracks show the faint flush of buds that will break into soft new needles in May, the last of Wisconsin's trees to leaf out.
The Wisconsin native plants guide covers what grows with them
Weather & Daylight
Across Wisconsin, a typical March day averages a high near 41°F and a low near 20°F, with about 1.8 inches of precipitation — statewide averages from the 1991–2020 U.S. climate normals.
Raw and unpredictable, afternoons can reach the low 40s while mornings hover near 20F, with rain and slush picking up noticeably.
| Average high | 41°F |
|---|---|
| Average low | 20°F |
| Precipitation | 1.8 in |
| Sunrise (mid-month) | 7:12 CT |
| Sunset (mid-month) | 19:04 CT |
Figures are statewide averages over the 1991–2020 U.S. climate normals; local conditions vary with elevation and distance from the coast. Sunrise and sunset are computed for a midstate point on the 15th (CT).
Next month's version of this page, by email
One short note when Wisconsin's next month turns — what's arriving, blooming, and worth a night outside.
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The complete Wisconsin birding, native-plant, and night-sky references — or the whole year, week by week, in one book.
Same month elsewhere: March in Wyoming · March in Alabama · March in Arizona