July is the deep, hot heart of the Alabama summer — tomatoes and the last Chilton County peaches flood the markets, watermelons and field peas come in, crepe myrtles blaze in every town, and the gulf fritillaries swarm the passionflower vines. The birds fall quiet in the midday heat, but the warm nights hum with fireflies and katydids.
Week by week in July
July 2–8
- The tables heap with tomatoes, sweet corn, okra, squash, and field peas, with the last Chilton County peaches and ripe watermelons and cantaloupes.
- The dawn chorus fades in the heat as nesting winds down, but the first southbound shorebirds return to Wheeler's mudflats and the coast.
- The summer Milky Way arches overhead, richest toward Sagittarius and Scorpius low in the south, where red Antares marks the Scorpion's heart.
July 9–15
- Crepe myrtles blaze in every Southern town and garden, and the native sourwood is at peak bloom for the bees making prized sourwood honey.
- Gulf fritillaries are now abundant over the passionflower, and the gardens hum with buckeyes, viceroys, hackberry emperors, and grass skippers.
- Cut okra young and often, water deeply through the heat, and pull spent spring plantings to make room for the fall garden ahead.
July 16–22
- Cardinal flower flames scarlet along the streams and the delta, drawing the hummingbirds, while ironweed and native sunflowers gild the fields.
- Field peas, butterbeans, watermelons, and the first muscadines join the heaped summer tomatoes, okra, and sweet corn at the stands.
- Late July starts the fall garden — set out fall tomato transplants and direct-sow beans, squash, and southern peas for an autumn harvest.
July 23–29
- Ruby-throated Hummingbirds increase at feeders, and southbound shorebirds build at Wheeler, the coast, and farm ponds as fall migration stirs early.
- The summer broods peak — gulf fritillaries swarm the passionflower and cloudless sulphurs begin to build toward their fall surge.
- The minor Delta Aquariid meteor shower builds late in the month, a gentle prelude to August's Perseids, best after midnight from a dark site.
Birds This Month
July is the quiet, hot middle of the Alabama bird year, when the dawn chorus fades as nesting winds down and the birds endure the heat. A few late singers persist — Indigo Buntings, Blue Grosbeaks, Northern Cardinals, Carolina Wrens, and the persistent Yellow-billed Cuckoo ('rain crow') and White-eyed Vireo. Family groups of fledglings appear at feeders and in the brush, and many birds slip into a quieter molt.
The first signs of fall migration begin late in the month, surprisingly early: southbound shorebirds — Least and Pectoral Sandpipers, Lesser and Greater Yellowlegs, Stilt Sandpipers — return to the mudflats of Wheeler NWR, the Gulf Coast, and farm ponds, and the earliest Louisiana Waterthrushes and Yellow Warblers trickle south. On the coast, the beach-nesting Least Terns, Black Skimmers, and Wilson's Plovers fledge their young, Brown Pelicans patrol the surf, and over the Mobile-Tensaw Delta the Swallow-tailed and Mississippi Kites still wheel. Ruby-throated Hummingbirds begin to increase at feeders as the first migrants stir.
What's Blooming
July's wildflowers are the tough, sun-loving heat-bloomers that thrive in the full Alabama summer. The roadsides, old fields, and prairies are at their colorful best — black-eyed Susan, purple coneflower, Indian blanket, butterfly weed, native sunflowers, blazing star, mountain mint, rattlesnake master, ironweed, and Queen Anne's lace — humming with bees and butterflies. The passionflower (maypop) vine sets its elaborate purple-and-white flowers along fences and field edges.
In the wet places — ditches, ponds, the Mobile-Tensaw Delta, and the river margins — the water-loving flowers bloom: swamp milkweed, pickerelweed, buttonbush, lizard's tail, American lotus, and the first cardinal flower flaming scarlet along the streams. In the longleaf savannas of the south, summer wildflowers carpet the burned ground, and the carnivorous sundews glisten in the seeps. In gardens, the crepe myrtles, daylilies, zinnias, lantana, black-eyed Susans, cannas, and hibiscus are in full color, and the native trumpet creeper and coral honeysuckle keep the hummingbirds busy through the heat.
Garden This Month
July is the sweltering peak of the Alabama summer garden, demanding steady water and harvest. The heat-loving Southern crops thrive — pick okra, southern peas, eggplant, peppers, tomatoes, cucumbers, squash, melons, and sweet corn at their abundant best, harvesting daily, especially okra, which must be cut young and often. Cool-loving crops like beans and squash may slow or stop in the worst heat, and many gardeners pull spent spring plantings to make room.
Water deeply in the early morning — an inch or more a week, more in pots and on the coast — and mulch heavily to hold moisture and keep roots cool. Stay vigilant against the full force of summer pests and diseases: hornworms, squash vine borers, stink bugs, spider mites in the dry heat, and the fungal blights and downy mildews of the humidity. Crucially, late July is when the Alabama fall garden begins: set out a second round of tomato transplants and direct-sow beans, squash, cucumbers, and southern peas now for an autumn harvest before frost. Keep the harvest going and the water steady through the hottest weeks of the year.
Zone 7b (north Alabama & Cumberland Plateau): peak summer production and heat. Harvest tomatoes, beans, squash, and cucumbers daily, water deeply, and toward month's end start setting out a fall garden of tomato transplants and direct-sowing more beans and squash for an autumn harvest.
Zone 8a (central Alabama): the intense midsummer. Keep harvesting heat-lovers — okra, southern peas, peppers, eggplant — water heavily, mulch, and begin planning and prepping the fall garden, as fall tomato transplants go in late this month for a second harvest before frost.
Zone 9a (Gulf Coast): the sweltering coastal high summer. Many cool-loving crops give out in the heat, so lean on okra, southern peas, eggplant, peppers, and sweet potatoes, shade tender plants, and water deeply to carry the garden through the hottest, most humid weeks.
What's at the Farmers Market
July markets in Alabama overflow with the full bounty of high summer. The tables are heaped with tomatoes of every kind — slicers, heirlooms, and the famous Sand Mountain field tomatoes — alongside sweet corn, okra, squash, zucchini, cucumbers, green beans, field peas (purple hull and crowder), eggplant, peppers, and new potatoes. The fruit is glorious: the last Chilton County peaches, ripe watermelons and cantaloupes, blueberries, blackberries, and the first muscadines late in the month.
Fresh Gulf shrimp from Bayou La Batre are at their summer peak at coastal and inland markets, and bunches of herbs, garlic, and cut flowers fill the stands. Choose a watermelon heavy for its size with a creamy-yellow ground spot, and store whole at room temperature; pick field peas in full, firm pods and shell soon; keep tomatoes at room temperature, never refrigerated; and choose okra pods small and tender, as large ones turn woody. Eat sweet corn the day you buy it, and keep Gulf shrimp iced cold. The markets are at their most generous, colorful summer abundance.
Night Sky This Month
July's warm nights and the rising summer Milky Way reward those who can find dark, dry skies between the humid hazes. Alabama's best escapes from the city lights of Birmingham, Huntsville, and Mobile remain the Von Braun Astronomical Society observatory at Monte Sano State Park, the Cumberland Plateau and Bankhead National Forest ridgelines, and the unlit western tip of Dauphin Island, where the Gulf horizon opens wide.
The Summer Triangle of Vega, Deneb, and Altair rides high overhead, and the great summer Milky Way arches across the sky behind it, at its richest and brightest toward Sagittarius and Scorpius low in the south. Red Antares marks the heart of the Scorpion, and the 'teapot' of Sagittarius pours into the galaxy's glowing core — a wealth of star clusters and nebulae for binoculars and telescopes from a dark site. The minor Delta Aquariid meteor shower builds late in the month, a gentle prelude to August's Perseids. The printable Alabama night-sky guide lists this year's exact meteor-peak dates, planet positions, and the best dark-sky sites for your region.
Butterflies & Pollinators
July is a peak butterfly month in Alabama as the summer broods reach full numbers and the heat-loving species swarm the flowers. The gulf fritillaries are now abundant, especially in the south, dancing over the passionflower vines and laying eggs in waves. The swallowtails fly on — eastern tiger, spicebush, black, pipevine, giant, zebra, and the coastal palamedes — and the monarch's summer brood works the milkweed.
The gardens and fields hum with variegated and great spangled fritillaries, pearl crescents, common buckeyes, red admirals, question marks, red-spotted purples, viceroys, cloudless sulphurs, sleepy oranges, little yellows, and sulphurs, with clouds of grass skippers — fiery, sachem, Zabulon, dun, and silver-spotted skippers. Look for the hackberry and tawny emperors around hackberry trees and the American and painted ladies at the coneflowers. The native nectar plants — coneflower, mountain mint, milkweed, ironweed, and lantana — are alive with butterflies in the morning and late afternoon when the heat eases. Watch milkweed undersides for monarch eggs and caterpillars and the passionflower for gulf fritillary larvae.
What to plant for them is in the Alabama native plants guide
Trees This Month
July's Alabama forests are in deep, mature, humid summer green, and the long-blooming summer trees carry the flowering. The signature display is the crepe myrtle, in full glory in every Southern town and garden — banks of pink, red, white, and lavender that will hold for months. The native sourwood is at peak bloom, its fragrant white bell-flowers drawing the bees that make the prized sourwood honey, and the vitex (chastetree) blooms blue.
In the wet woods, the delta, and along the rivers, the water-loving trees flower and fruit — the buttonbush sets its white pincushion balls, and the swamp tupelo, bald cypress, and sweetbay magnolia stand rich and green over the dark water. The fruits and nuts swell toward fall: the acorns enlarging on the oaks, the hickory nuts and the pecans forming, the winged seeds maturing on the maples and ashes, and the green cones fattening on the pines. The early-fruiting trees ripen — black cherry, blackgum, and the wild persimmon beginning — feeding the birds and mammals. The forest stands in the full, heavy, humming green of the Alabama high summer.
Weather & Daylight
Across Alabama, a typical July day averages a high near 91°F and a low near 70°F, with about 5.2 inches of precipitation — statewide averages from the 1991–2020 U.S. climate normals.
Peak summer heat near 91 with muggy nights around 70 and frequent rain make the air feel thick and heavy.
| Average high | 91°F |
|---|---|
| Average low | 70°F |
| Precipitation | 5.2 in |
| Sunrise (mid-month) | 5:49 CT |
| Sunset (mid-month) | 19:57 CT |
Figures are statewide averages over the 1991–2020 U.S. climate normals; local conditions vary with elevation and distance from the coast. Sunrise and sunset are computed for a midstate point on the 15th (CT).
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Same month elsewhere: July in Arizona · July in Arkansas · July in California