February is when the Kansas winter begins to crack open. The first great flights of snow geese push north, the prairie-chickens start tuning up on the leks, and the earliest pussy willows and red maples hint that spring is gathering on the southern plains.
Week by week in February
January 29 – February 4
- The first northbound snow geese begin pushing into the central marshes as the days lengthen.
- Great horned owls are already on eggs in the bare cottonwoods, hooting from the timber on cold nights.
- Start pepper and the first tomato seed indoors under lights for the long season ahead.
- Leo the Lion begins clearing the eastern horizon late in the evening, the first herald of spring.
February 5–11
- Bald eagles remain concentrated at the reservoir dams alongside goldeneye and common mergansers on the open water.
- High tunnels push out cold-hardy spinach, kale, and arugula at their sweetest in the deep cold.
- The Pleiades and Taurus ride high in the early evening above brilliant Orion.
- Overwintering commas and question marks wait tucked in woodpiles and bark crevices for the first warm afternoons.
February 12–18
- On the warmest still mornings, greater prairie-chickens begin warming up on their Flint Hills booming grounds.
- Silver and red maples redden their twigs in eastern Kansas as the earliest flower buds swell.
- In the mild east, direct-sow the first peas, spinach, and radishes late in the month if the soil works.
- Pussy willow catkins begin to swell and break in the timbered creek bottoms.
February 19–25
- Northern cardinals, Carolina wrens, and tufted titmice begin singing on the mild late-February days.
- No major shower this month makes it a fine time for the Orion Nebula and the Auriga clusters in the winter Milky Way.
- Start tomato, pepper, and eggplant seed indoors for the warm-season garden ahead.
- Storage potatoes, sweet potatoes, and squash carry the winter market beside the first overwintered greens.
Birds This Month
February is the start of the great goose movement. As the season turns, immense flocks of snow geese, Ross's geese, and white-fronted geese begin pushing north across Kansas, and the Cheyenne Bottoms and Quivira National Wildlife Refuge marshes in the center of the state can hold staggering numbers when the water is open. The rising clamor of geese against a gray sky is the first real signal that winter is loosening its grip.
The reservoirs still hold the winter crowd — bald eagles at the dams, plus common goldeneye, mergansers, and diving ducks — and the first northbound ducks and the earliest sandhill cranes may appear over the central flyway late in the month. Out on the western high plains, rough-legged and ferruginous hawks, prairie falcons, and flocks of horned larks and Lapland longspurs still work the open country.
And the prairie wakes up: on the warmest still mornings late in the month, the greater prairie-chickens of the Flint Hills and the lesser prairie-chickens of the southwest begin warming up on their booming grounds. Northern cardinals, Carolina wrens, and tufted titmice start singing on mild days, and at feeders the Harris's sparrows, juncos, and American tree sparrows remain.
This month's tip: watch the weather for a south wind and a warm spell — that is what triggers the big northbound goose flights, and the central refuges are the place to be when they arrive.
What's Blooming
February has no true prairie wildflowers, but the very first stirrings of the growing season appear in the warmest, most sheltered spots of eastern and southern Kansas. In timbered creek bottoms and town gardens, the silvery catkins of pussy willow begin to swell and break, and the red flower buds of silver maple and red maple color the bare twigs by late month — among the very first blooms of the Kansas year.
On the ground, the green is returning unseen. The basal rosettes of prairie plants and the tight buds of woodland ephemerals are filling out, and in old yards and along south-facing foundations the leaves of snowdrops and the first crocus push up through cold soil on the mildest patches. Out on the prairie the standing grass is still russet and copper, but a hint of green is beginning to show at the base of the bunchgrasses where the new season is starting low and slow.
Garden This Month
February is when the Kansas garden tips from planning into action under lights. This is the prime month to start the long-season transplants indoors — onions and leeks first, then peppers, eggplant, and the earliest tomatoes by late month — so they are stout and ready before the summer heat arrives and shuts down cool growth. A south window helps, but lights give far better Kansas seedlings.
Outdoors the work is still winter work for most of the state: finish dormant pruning of fruit trees, grapes, and summer-flowering shrubs while you can read their structure, and check that wind has not stripped the mulch off perennial crowns, garlic, and strawberries. Watch for the first signs of life in overwintered spinach and garlic. In the milder eastern and far-southern gardens, the season cracks open late in the month — the soil works on the thaws, and the cold-hardy pioneers (peas, spinach, radishes, lettuce, and onion sets) can go in, with row cover at the ready, because more hard freezes typically follow before spring is secure.
Zone 5b (western and north-central Kansas): still firmly winter, with the last hard freezes and the worst wind ahead. Keep mulch over perennial crowns and overwintered alliums, and hold off on uncovering anything. Start onion, leek, and the earliest brassica seeds indoors under lights so transplants are ready for a short, fast spring.
Zone 6a (central Kansas): the indoor season ramps up. Start onions, leeks, and slow brassicas under lights early in the month, then peppers and the first tomatoes by late February for the long summer ahead. Outdoors, finish dormant pruning of fruit trees and grapes, and prepare beds on thaws, but keep frost protection ready — hard freezes are far from over.
Zone 6b–7a (eastern Kansas — Kansas City at 6b, Wichita and the southeast at 7a): the earliest outdoor work begins on mild days. Toward the end of the month you can direct-sow the first peas, spinach, radishes, and lettuce in workable soil, and set out onion sets. Indoors, start tomatoes, peppers, and eggplant under lights. Cold frames and low tunnels are filling with overwintered and early greens.
What's at the Farmers Market
Kansas winter markets in February still run on storage and protected crops, but the fresh side is widening as the light returns. Indoor and online markets in Lawrence, Topeka, Wichita, and the Kansas City area carry storage onions, potatoes, sweet potatoes, winter squash, and the sweet, cold-cured root crops — carrots, beets, turnips, and parsnips.
High tunnels are the stars now, pushing out cold-hardy spinach, kale, arugula, tatsoi, salad mix, and microgreens, with the first tender overwintered greens at their sweetest. Kansas staples fill the rest of the table — local honey, eggs, grass-fed beef and pork from the ranch country, and stone-ground flour and wheat berries from the state's winter wheat.
For selection and storage: keep storage onions, squash, and sweet potatoes in a cool, dry, ventilated spot rather than the refrigerator. Trim the leafy tops off root crops before refrigerating them in the crisper. Bag tunnel greens loosely and dry and use them within a few days, and keep flour and wheat berries airtight in a cool, dark place.
Night Sky This Month
February still offers Kansas's superb winter darkness, with long nights and the cold, dry, transparent air that makes the plains sky so good. The dark southwest leads the way — the Cimarron National Grassland sits beneath an unobstructed black sky, and Lake Scott State Park, the Wilson and Webster reservoir country, and the open Flint Hills back roads all give horizon-to-horizon darkness once town glow is behind you.
The winter showpieces still rule the early-evening sky. Orion stands high in the south with the glowing Orion Nebula in his sword, the Pleiades and Taurus ride above, and the brilliant Dog Star Sirius sparkles low in the southeast in Canis Major. As the night deepens, the spring sky begins to rise in the east — Leo the Lion clears the horizon late in the evening, the first herald of the turning year. There is no major meteor shower this month, so February is a fine time for the deep-sky objects of the winter Milky Way: the Orion Nebula, the Pleiades, and the open clusters of Auriga.
Because planet positions shift each year, check the printable Kansas night-sky guide for this year's specific viewing nights and planet visibility from your latitude. Choose a clear, calm night behind a front and give your eyes twenty minutes to adapt.
Butterflies & Pollinators
February remains a quiet month for Kansas butterflies, but it is the month they begin to stir. On the first genuinely warm, sunny, windless afternoons — most likely in the timbered eastern and southern parts of the state — the overwintering adults break dormancy. A mourning cloak, dark with a pale border, may glide along a sunlit creek-bottom trail, and an eastern comma or question mark can flash out of a woodpile or off a tree trunk to bask on the warm bark before tucking back in.
The rest of Kansas's butterflies are still waiting in their winter forms. The great regal fritillary of the Flint Hills sleeps as a minute caterpillar deep in the tallgrass thatch, black swallowtails hang as overwintering chrysalises on dead stems, and the monarchs are still on their wintering grounds in central Mexico, weeks from beginning their journey north. The best thing a Kansas yard can do now is wait — leaving leaf litter, standing stems, and brush undisturbed until the weather is reliably warm protects the species that are quietly biding their time.
Trees This Month
The first faint pulse of the tree year returns to Kansas in February. In the eastern half of the state and along the warmer southern creeks, the silver maple and red maple are the earliest to act, their bare twigs reddening with swelling flower buds and, by late month in warm springs, actually opening their tiny red blooms — among the very first flowers of the year. The American elm and pussy willow along the bottoms begin to bud as well.
For most of the state, though, the trees are still bare and the gallery forest along the creeks shows its winter architecture. The towering cottonwoods hold the conspicuous nests of great horned owls, which are already on eggs this month — the earliest-nesting bird in Kansas, hooting from the bare timber on cold nights. The eastern redcedars in farmstead windbreaks stay dark green and berry-laden, and the thorny Osage orange hedgerows and gray-barked hackberries wait, dormant, for the south wind that will start the sap moving.
Weather & Daylight
Across Kansas, a typical February day averages a high near 47°F and a low near 23°F, with about 1.0 inches of precipitation — statewide averages from the 1991–2020 U.S. climate normals.
Still wintry with highs in the upper 40s, but a touch more moisture creeps in as skies stay chilly.
| Average high | 47°F |
|---|---|
| Average low | 23°F |
| Precipitation | 1.0 in |
| Sunrise (mid-month) | 7:20 CT |
| Sunset (mid-month) | 18:06 CT |
Figures are statewide averages over the 1991–2020 U.S. climate normals; local conditions vary with elevation and distance from the coast. Sunrise and sunset are computed for a midstate point on the 15th (CT).
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One short note when Kansas's next month turns — what's arriving, blooming, and worth a night outside.
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Same month elsewhere: February in Kentucky · February in Louisiana · February in Maine