February is still hard winter in Montana, but the light is returning and the first stirrings of spring begin on the plains — great horned owls on eggs, horned larks singing over the snow, and the very first northbound geese testing the open water of the Yellowstone. In the mountains, deep snow still rules, and the Chinook winds keep the Front in their teeth.
Week by week in February
January 29 – February 4
- Great horned owls — Montana's earliest nesters — begin hooting and courting on mild evenings, claiming old hawk nests in the cottonwood bottoms.
- Start onions and leeks under lights late in the month — these slowest crops need the head start to mature in Montana's short season.
- The brilliant Winter Hexagon of bright stars wheels across the southern sky; February's long, cold nights are prime for deep-sky viewing.
February 5–11
- Horned larks — often the first sign of spring — begin their tinkling flight song over plowed roadsides and stubble across the plains.
- Orion rides due south with Sirius blazing below; the dark skies of Glacier National Park, an International Dark Sky Park, deliver Milky Way views few states can match.
- Aspen catkins lengthen and willow buds swell in the warmer river bottoms west of the Divide on the mildest Chinook days.
February 12–18
- Great horned owls are now on eggs in old nests in the cottonwood bottoms, incubating through subzero Montana nights.
- Prune dormant apples and plums on a mild day while the structure shows, and wrap young tree trunks against winter sunscald on the bright cold afternoons.
- A few growers tap bottomland boxelder for thin late-winter syrup as the sap begins to stir on warm days.
February 19–25
- The first Canada geese and mallards push north onto the open Yellowstone and Missouri ahead of the prairie thaw, and sharp-tailed grouse begin gathering at dawn.
- Bright Capella rides near the zenith and the Pleiades cluster sparkles overhead — wrap up warm for a superb late-winter sky from a dark valley.
- On a rare warm afternoon in the lowest valleys, an overwintering mourning cloak may briefly emerge to bask on a sun-warmed trunk before the cold returns.
Birds This Month
February holds Montana's winter birds but adds the first movement. The open country still belongs to golden and bald eagles, rough-legged hawks, and swirling flocks of snow buntings, horned larks, and Lapland longspurs over the stubble, with the chance of a lingering snowy owl on the eastern plains. Feeders in town and in the mountain valleys still draw mountain and black-capped chickadees, nuthatches, Bohemian waxwings, and any irruptive redpolls and grosbeaks the winter has pushed south.
But the season is turning. Great horned owls — Montana's earliest nesters — are hooting and on eggs in old hawk nests in the cottonwood bottoms, incubating through subzero nights. Horned larks begin their tinkling flight song over the plowed fields, and by late month the first Canada geese, mallards, and common goldeneye push north onto the open Yellowstone and Missouri. Watch sharp-tailed grouse for the earliest gathering at dancing grounds on warm mornings.
This month's tip: listen at dusk for great horned owls duetting, and scan the open river stretches below the dams — the first returning waterfowl arrive on the unfrozen water weeks before the prairie wetlands thaw.
What's Blooming
February is still too cold for any wild bloom in Montana — the bitterroot and balsamroot remain locked in the frozen foothill gravels for months yet. The dormant landscape carries the same winter structure: the silver-gray of big sagebrush on the intermountain flats, the red osiers of dogwood brightening in the river draws as the days lengthen, the rattling stalks of blanketflower and prairie grasses, and the hips of wild rose still clinging along the ditches. In the warm valleys west of the Divide, the swelling buds of willow and aspen in the river bottoms are the first true sign the year is turning, and the catkins of quaking aspen begin to lengthen on the mildest Chinook days. Indoors, this is the heart of seed-starting season's run-up — Montana gardeners sow onions, leeks, and the slowest perennials under lights now to gain the weeks a short season demands.
Garden This Month
February gardening in Montana is still indoor work, but the planting clock has started. Late in the month, sow the slowest crops under lights — onions, leeks, and slow-germinating perennials and herbs — to bank the weeks a short, cold season demands. Finish ordering seed, test stored seed for germination, and on a mild Chinook day get out to prune dormant apples, plums, and other fruit trees while they are leafless and the structure shows.
The plains gardener's caution this month is the Chinook itself: a warm wind can strip the insulating snow off beds and bare the soil to a hard refreeze within hours, the very freeze-thaw that heaves perennial crowns and splits bark. Leave snow banked over beds and garlic where you can, mulch any bare spots, and wrap or shade the south sides of young fruit-tree trunks against sunscald, a real risk when bright sun and bitter cold collide on a Montana winter afternoon.
Zone 3b (high plains & cold mountain valleys): still deep dormant, but start onions, leeks, and slow perennials under lights late in the month — these crops need every head-start week to mature in a short season. Keep snow banked over crowns and resist the urge to uncover beds during a warm Chinook spell, since hard cold always returns.
Zone 4a (central & eastern plains): begin onions and leeks under lights, prune dormant fruit trees on a mild day, and check that mulch and snow still shield garlic and marginal perennials from the freeze-thaw whiplash a February Chinook delivers on the Front.
What's at the Farmers Market
Montana's indoor winter markets in Missoula, Bozeman, Helena, Great Falls, and the Flathead carry the season through. The tables hold the durable harvest: storage potatoes, carrots, beets, parsnips, onions, cabbage, and winter squash, growing a touch softer as winter wears on but still good, alongside Montana lentils, dry peas, and dry beans and locally milled wheat flour from the state's signature crops.
Ranch-direct Montana beef and lamb are reliable winter buys, as are local honey, jarred huckleberry and chokecherry preserves, and eggs and the first cut-and-come-again greens from heated hoop houses. A few growers and sugar-makers tap bottomland boxelder for thin late-winter syrup as the sap begins to stir on mild days. Keep storage roots cold and humid and squash cool and dry to carry them deeper into the year.
Night Sky This Month
February gives Montana some of its finest stargazing — long, cold, exceptionally clear nights and bright winter constellations riding high. Glacier National Park, a certified International Dark Sky Park paired with Canada's Waterton Lakes as the first transboundary dark-sky park, is the marquee site, while the vast plains around the Charles M. Russell National Wildlife Refuge and the high Centennial Valley near Red Rock Lakes hold skies just as black. Wrap up warm and the reward is a sky almost no city dweller ever sees.
The brilliant Winter Hexagon — linking Sirius, Rigel, Aldebaran, Capella, Pollux, and Procyon around the red heart of Betelgeuse — wheels across the southern sky, the richest patch of bright stars in the year. Orion and his nebula stand due south early in the evening, and the faint band of the winter Milky Way arches overhead. Montana's high latitude keeps the aurora borealis possible on geomagnetically active nights, flaring along the northern horizon north of the Hi-Line.
Exact planet positions and meteor dates change each year — the printable Montana night-sky guide lists this season's planet visibility and the darkest accessible sites near you.
Butterflies & Pollinators
February is still locked in winter, and no butterflies fly in Montana — but the dormant stages are quietly enduring the cold and edging toward spring. Mourning cloaks overwinter as adults behind the bark of cottonwoods and aspens in the river bottoms and in woodpiles; on a rare warm late-February afternoon in the lower valleys, one may briefly emerge and bask on a sun-warmed trunk, then retreat as the cold returns, the only butterfly a Montanan might glimpse this month. The mountain and prairie species wait in their chosen forms: Weidemeyer's admirals and western tiger swallowtails as chrysalids fastened to willow and chokecherry twigs in the canyons, the alpine Rocky Mountain parnassian as an egg or small caterpillar deep under the snowpack of Glacier's high meadows. It is still planning season — sketch a Montana butterfly garden of native milkweed, blanketflower, lupine, and rabbitbrush, the nectar and host plants that turn a yard into habitat once warmth arrives.
What to plant for them is in the Montana native plants guide
Trees This Month
Montana's trees stand dormant through February, but the lengthening light begins to register. In the northwest forests, the evergreens — Douglas-fir, Engelmann spruce, subalpine fir, western redcedar, and lodgepole pine — hold deep snow on their boughs, while the leafless gray spires of western larch mark themselves out among them, waiting to flush green in May. The orange-plated ponderosa pine of the foothills warms and gives off resin scent on bright midday.
The first hint of stirring shows in the river bottoms, where the buds of aspen, willow, and plains cottonwood begin to swell and the aspen catkins lengthen on the mildest days. Watch the dry breaks and coulees of the eastern plains, where Rocky Mountain junipers keep their blue-green needles and frosted cones, and look for marcescent young bur oaks in the southeastern corner holding their tan leaves into late winter. The bare canopy is the last clear look at branch architecture before the leaves return.
Weather & Daylight
Across Montana, a typical February day averages a high near 34°F and a low near 13°F, with about 1.0 inches of precipitation — statewide averages from the 1991–2020 U.S. climate normals.
Still locked in winter's grip, cold air lingering as highs creep to 34F under mostly stingy, light snow.
| Average high | 34°F |
|---|---|
| Average low | 13°F |
| Precipitation | 1.0 in |
| Sunrise (mid-month) | 7:26 MT |
| Sunset (mid-month) | 17:44 MT |
Figures are statewide averages over the 1991–2020 U.S. climate normals; local conditions vary with elevation and distance from the coast. Sunrise and sunset are computed for a midstate point on the 15th (MT).
Next month's version of this page, by email
One short note when Montana's next month turns — what's arriving, blooming, and worth a night outside.
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The complete Montana birding, native-plant, and night-sky references — or the whole year, week by week, in one book.
Same month elsewhere: February in Nebraska · February in Nevada · February in New Hampshire